Andreas Blumauer

Open World Assumption revisited – What have the Semantic Web and Document Management in common?

Just recently I visited DMS Expo in Stuttgart/Germany which claims to be “Europe’s leading trade fair and conference for enterprise content, output and document management”. It was a large trade show, and of course I didn´t expect to see the Semantic Web playing a central role there but on the other side it became much clearer what´s still missing in most enterprises of today to be an “Enterprise x.0″: Open Minds which consider digital contents as a source to create knowledge out of it.

What´s obvious for most of the Semantic Web evangelists, isn´t clear for at least 75% of all exhibitors (and their clients) at DMS Expo. For these people who are dealing with core systems of today´s enterprise stacks it´s not quite clear that documents could be a valuable resource for enterprise knowledge management. They still focus rather on the basic idea that documents have to be revision-proof, they should be long-term archived and should be put into a safe. That´s quite the opposite of how content is organised in a (Corporate) Semantic Web. In such an environment each little piece of information at least has the potential to get linked with another piece of information.

Open World Assumption is not only about the way we put ontologies in place.

It is also about the basic assumption that people intend to get their content published and linked in a way that this creates an extra value for their colleagues and their organisations.

Documents are containers, and containers tend to be put into containers which are even bigger. In a world where documents are the atomic elements to get information organised the question always is: What should be in there?

On the Semantic Web information is no longer locked inside documents, same with wikis: The idea is to organise every little piece of information in a way that it can improve constantly because it´s out on the (corporate) web. Part of this evolution are mechanisms which help to get pieces linked in a meaningful way. On the Social Semantic Web this job is partly automatically executed and partly done by human beings. In this world which is based on the assumption that people would like to have their information out there on the stage the question always is: How can this piece of information get linked to other pieces in a meaningful way? Which metadata should be put on top?

It´s the people who make the difference, and for many of them there is still no “business use case” based on the “Open World Assumption”.

Here is my proposal: Appreciating each one´s work as a valuable resource for the whole organisation!

And I can hear the question already: Great, but how can I put this into my Excel?

Thomas Thurner

KiWi Software Package Released – Call for KiWi Snow Camp

The 14th of October 2010 was a very special date for the KiWi project: After more than two and a half years of development version 1.0 of the semantic collaborative knowledge management software was published. To celebrate that, the project organized a release party in the planetarium in Vienna, Austria. It was a fine evening that featured speeches of Ross Gardler (Vice President Community, Apache Software Foundation) and David Ayers (Free Software Foundation Europe), followed by a demonstration of KiWi by Sebastian Schaffert (KiWi Project Lead).

KiWi, the Open Source development platform for building Semantic Social Media Applications, offers features required for Social Media applications such as versioning, (semantic) tagging, rich text editing, easy linking, rating and commenting, as well as advanced “smart” services such as recommendations, rule-based reasoning, information extraction, intelligent search and querying, a sophisticated social reputation system, vocabulary management, and rich visualisation.

To make sure, that KiWi does not die, after the closure of the EC-funded periode, the project makes effort to form a community. The release party was thus also an opportunity to get in touch with the project team. Another opportunity to get in touch with the Software and it’s developers behind is in February next year. When KiWi Snow Camp will gonna be somewhere in the Salzburg mountains.

The KiWi projects sponsors ticktes to participate in the camp for all those

  • which have a good idea on how semantic technologies can make social media hit the target?
  • and are inspired by the possibilities of the KiWi platform?

Together with the KiWi Team participants will meet in February 2011 in Salzburg’s mountains to develop ideas, programm, discuss and develop amazing new pieces of code – and of course enjoy the skiing experience. Not to mention receive the glory of recognition from others in the open source communities and within the broader semantic web community.

How to get my trip to the KiWi Snow Camp?

You will need to register as a participant for the KiWi Developer Challenge. Please email kiwimail@kiwi-community.eu to register your intention to participate in the Challenge; if you are not already registered on KiWi Community site, please do so and include a brief biography.

Visit the KiWi Snow Camp page for more details…


Tassilo Pellegrini

Marrying ARML with Linked Data

First of all, since ARML (augmented reality markup language) is based on KML and KML uses „Placemarks“ (which all have corresponding identifiers) as basic entities, these could be identified quite easily via URIs within the W3C Resource Description Framework (RDF).

Another basic concept of KML is „Point“. Geo RDF provides properties like „geo:long“ or „geo:lat“ which express longitude and latitude of a POI and thus makes it possible to uniquely identify certain points on a map using RDF standards.

Thus it is possible to map the geo conventions of ARML to the geo conventions of the Semantic Web which are mainly based on Geo RDF.

As soon as a placemark has received a URI it is also possible to expose it as linked data and interlink it with repositories like Geonames, DBpedia or LinkedGeoData (which is based on Open Street Map) to generate Linked Geodata.

ARML makes it possible to link / make a  relation between a „Provider“ and a „Placemark“. Thus it is also possible to use a URI to describe a provider and link it to a placemark using the typical triple-struture imminent to RDF.

OpenARML/Wikitude uses tags to describe certain things. These tags are currently represented as literals (strings), seperated by commas. This poses that obstacle that these tags can hardly be processed by machines. With RDF each tag would be assigned a URI, thus changing it from a literal to a resource, which further can be represented in SKOS/RDF, another Semantic Web specification of the W3C.

ARML/Wikitude also offers attributes to describe POIs like phone, URL, email, attachment etc. which all of them could be represented by Semantic Web defacto standards like FOAF, SIOC etc.

Summing up, ARML/Wikitude documents could relatively easily be transformed in valid RDF / Linked Data Graphs. This could help to enrich AR-applications with data from the LOD (Linked Open Data) cloud. Vice versa data generated by ARML applications could be exposed as Linked Data.

As a pragmatic approach we recommend  to generate on top of existing Wikipedia URLs the corresponding DBpedia URIs which would directly transform ARML placemarks into a resource as part of the existing LOD cloud.

As soon as placemarks are mapped to DBpedia additional metadata could be added to a placemark which opens up totally new perspectives on content enrichment in ARML environments enabling new and exciting AR-applications.

We want to thank Martin Lechner from Salzburg based Mobilizy for a fruitful discussion we had so far on this topic.

BTW: check out the paper by Reynolds et al. (2010) from DERI on “Exploiting Linked Open Data for Mobile Augmented Reality